Great Mosque of Herat
1- Precise Geographical Location:
The Great Mosque of Herat is located in western Afghanistan, in the center of Herat city in Herat province. This mosque is one of the largest and most important historical mosques in Afghanistan and is situated in the heart of Herat's ancient bazaars.
2- Geographical Coordinates:
- Latitude: 34.3577° N
- Longitude: 62.1950° E
3- Historical Background:
The Great Mosque of Herat was founded during the Ghurid dynasty by the order of Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Ghurid in the 6th century CE. Later, during the Timurid period, it was expanded, particularly under Sultan Shah Rukh and his daughter Goharshad Begum, who completed its intricate tilework. This mosque is a key example of Islamic architecture in Afghan history and has witnessed various historical transformations.
4- Architectural Features:
The Great Mosque of Herat is an outstanding example of Islamic and Timurid architecture. The mosque features large prayer halls, a spacious courtyard, majestic minarets, and grand iwans. Its turquoise tilework, Quranic inscriptions in Thuluth script, and geometric patterns are among its most notable characteristics. The use of baked bricks and plaster with artistic designs gives the mosque a unique elegance.
5- Cultural Significance:
As one of the cultural and Islamic symbols of Afghanistan, the Great Mosque of Herat plays a vital role in preserving the Islamic and historical identity of the region. It has served not only as a place of worship but also as a center for the study of Islamic and cultural sciences. The mosque has always attracted poets, artists, and pilgrims.
6- Discoverer and Year of Discovery:
The Great Mosque of Herat has been well-known among the local population since its inception and did not require rediscovery by archaeologists. However, in the early 20th century, European teams, particularly André Godard in 1925 CE, conducted detailed studies on this structure and highlighted it as one of the significant architectural heritage sites of Islamic history. Subsequent restorations and renovations were carried out by local architects and international teams.